Definiton and Examples of Faulty Pronoun Reference

The Effect Of Effective Laia Medication On The Mental...

INTRODUCTION Within mental health and illness there is a vast amount of treatment options, medications and interventions to treat numerous psychotic disorders. A somewhat controversial treatment within the mental health field, known as long acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs), will be discussed in this argumentative paper. Evidence will be presented on how effective LAIA medication is, when compared to oral forms of antipsychotic medication, and the strengths and limitations of administering them. Perceptions of LAIAs from the view of nurses, health professionals and consumers, as well as the nurse’s role in administering and promoting recovery orientated care for people with a mental illness will also be covered. This essay will not provide a clear view, for or against LAIAs, but rather support both positives and negatives of the use of this medication within the mental health field. BACKGROUND Antipsychotic medications have an important role in managing mental illnesses. They are primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Australian Medication Handbook (AMH), 2016), and work by blocking dopaminergic transmission, in various parts of the brain, relieving hallucinations, delusions, abnormal behaviour and thought (AMH, 2016; National Prescribing Scheme (NPS) MedicineWise, 2016). LAIAs, also known as depot injections, can be used for chronic psychosis, and are generally used after a consumer is stable through oral

Modern society is becoming overwhelmed with great Essay Example For Students

Modern society is becoming overwhelmed with great Essay amounts of pollution from cars, factories and an overabundance of garbage. The immense amounts of sulphur dioxide emitted into the air causes high levels of acid in the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, poignant rainfalls can be damaging to the external environment. Acid rain is destroying the world=s lakes, air and ecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of inhabitants in these fresh water bodies. Acid rain causes an ample deduction in the pH levels in the water. At a neutral level the pH in water should be close to seven, yet in these acidic water bodies the pH levels can be as low as four. These pH levels of four contain more than ten percent acids than that of normal rain and one thousand times more acid than neutral water. Each decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid levels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number of fish dwelling in these lakes. Also Aacid produces chemical changes in the blood of the fish, and their basic body metabolism is emailprotected (Howard Perley, 1980, p. 24), and can cause deformities in these inhabitants. They have twisted and arched backbones, flattened heads and strangely curved tails. In pH levels of four there is little left in the lakes besides rock bass, pumpkinseed and lake herring. Affected fish are also in danger of becoming sterile, which would put the species at risk of becoming extinct. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also discharged into the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes as there is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated in the blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in natural lakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acid rain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, which diffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing t he pH levels to drop from the normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in some acidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levels form a photochemical smog in the atmosphere. In the air Anitrogen oxides react with ozone and some hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to form photochemical smog, the kind of yellow-grey haze which it literally alive and growing in stagnant air emailprotected (Howard Perley, 1980, p. 44). This smog carries serious risk for respiratory disease and crop damage. The photochemical smog is also causing the ozone layer to disintegrate. The ozone layer is becoming a part of this smog, which is causing holes in it. An inordinate amount of sulphur dioxide is let into the air, more than can be neutralized by nutrients in the air. Decrease in pH levels, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer are some effects of acid rain in the air. The ecosystem is slowly eroding due to the increased amounts o f acid in the soil. Acid in the soil in causing the carbon dioxide respiration process to decelerate. In order for plants to go through photosynthesis, they need carbon dioxide. When acid in the soil causing this soil respiration to slow down, in turn it causes the photosynthesis process to slow down. The soil also erodes when the pH levels drop. The acidic levels of the soil cause nutrients in the soils such as aluminum to break apart and the soil to erode. Soil erosion also causes a lower production of plants in the ecosystem. In the soil a process of decay Acalled oligotrophication, means that fewer of the ions of acid are neutralized by the depleted biological community so the acid can cause further degeneration of natural processes, which in turn are less capable of combating the acid, and so on, in an accelerating emailprotected (Howard Perley, 1980, p. 32). Disruption in the life span of trees and plants is also another effect of acid rain. The acid rain corrodes the thin, w axy layer, which coats and protects the leaves letting the acid suffocate the leaves. This can cause an interference in the plants metabolism and photosynthesis may be altered meaning the leaves cannot produce and efficient amount of food which may result in death of the plant. Acid may obtrude fertilization , stunt or kill the growth of seeds and make them sterile. A second generation would be in danger of not being produced causing deforestation. Naturally the reduction of plants is causing the biological food chain to weaken. As smaller animals and insects feed on these plants lose their food supply, they may also ensue death. In effect the animals which feed off of these animals also ensue a decrease in their supply. In turn humans may become starved if the acid rain effects increase. Acid rain causes death of soil, plants and animals, effecting the ecosystem. Acid rain is becoming a major problem in our environment today. It is killing our fresh water lakes and it=s occupants. Also the quality of air is depleting, increasing the amount of smog and pollution in our atmosphere. Once the acid is absorbed in the soil, this puts the ecosystem in jeopardy of extinction. This is killing plants, animal, and soil, which is the basis of our existence. If this acid rain problem is not dealt with urgently, the natural world may in hazard of demise .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 , .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .postImageUrl , .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 , .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:hover , .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:visited , .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:active { border:0!important; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:active , .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7 .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d780fa7e1dc8034196dbf175a279fb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theater Arts Essay

Linguistics Intelligence and Class Structure †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Linguistics Intelligence and Class Structure. Answer: Introduction: According to John Dewry, thinking critically is referred to as thinking in a reflective mode. In this process of thinking, Dewry asserts that the mind is free from judgments and focuses on a healthy skepticism. The thinking process includes disregarding the complex thought process and considering thinking with an open mind. In simpler terms, Dewrys critical thinking involves the use of both emotional and intellectual grounds (Cottrell, 2017). In this type of thinking process the tutors or the supervisors enable the students to delve deep into a thought without tearing the topic, that is, without breaking down the topic into fragments or components. The students are taught by the teacher to make a critical evaluation of any topic through the application of features like questioning the topic, making a skeptic derivation of the topic and by making a proper reflection of the topic (Key Noble, 2017). In this context it would be worthy to assert that John Dewry developed some principles about critical thinking. He related those principles with critical thinking strategies and formed some basic strategies that would enable an individual to develop critical thinking process. The forst point that was addressed by Dewry was to Learn Meaningfully. That is, before a critical thought can be applied to a particular subject, Dewry claims that it is imperative to acquire fluency about the subject (Fuller Moore, 2017). In order to achieve fluency and complete control over a particular subject, it is important to learn understanding the meaning of the subject. Only then critical thinking can be applied over a particular subject. Edward Glaser describes critical thinking as a structural process that necessitate the assessment of all the elements incorporated in thought based reasoning like presumptions, assumptions, conceptions, consequences, goals and conclusions. Edward Glaser also moves on to say that mode of critical thinking quintessentially depends upon the family heredity. That is the mode of thinking process like mathematical, analytical, and logical or whatever the thinking process may be is carried from generation to another. Edward Glaser developed three structures upon which he builds up the concept of his version of critical thinking. The three aspects are as follows: An individual must have an attitude to judge a particular topic in a thoughtful manner, particularly considering the frame of experience and events that occurred until date. A person must have a complete knowledge regarding the method and techniques of logical answering and reasoning. The final aspect that Edward Glaser considers an individual to have in order to think critically is an individual must possess some specific skills and attributes for the application of the methods to think critically. Critical thinking includes a lot of efforts on the part of an individual. The most important criteria to apply critical thought over any topic is maintaining persistency. In over to think critically, an individual needs to have persistent efforts towards a particular topic or context. An individual must have certain qualities to analyze and recognize the issues or the problems and identify the source of the problems. Once the source of the problems are identified, an individual may find it easier to apply critical thought to the problems in order to overcome it. Further, it should also be noted that while critically thinking and applying solutions one must be aware of all the pros and cons and the consequences related to the strategies applied to overcome the issue. Apart from that, individuals are also expected to establish a logical relationship between the problems and the remedies applied to the problems. The remedies should not be illogical and should be practical. Richard Paul makes his primary focus on the key aspects reasoning, that is, analyzing and assessment of reasoning. Richard Paul asserted that in order to think critically, it is imperative to link all the aspects of reasoning into a seam line. That is, Richard Paul specified that critical thinking requires the working of reasoning in a systematic approach. Only then an individual will be able to think critically over a particular topic and attain a conclusion. According to Richard Pau, there are certain criterion that an individual needs to meet to apply critical thinking over a particular topic. The abilities that are imperative in order to thik critically according to Richard Paul are as listed below: Congregating of similar information Differentiating between logical and illogical reasoning Spawning assumptions and perceptions that are justifiable and acceptable Tracing the implied connotations and following the same Cross checking all the available information and resources and analyzing the accuracy of the same. Robert Ennis best conceptualized critical thinking in his book Critical Thinking published in the year 1996. Robert Ennis observes that the process of critical thinking is best approached by a method FRISCO, which is essentially a term coined by him (Miletzki Broten, 2017). FRISCO can be expanded as Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, Clarity and Overview, which are the major components of the process of critical thinking according to the author. Robert Ennis developed a few points that would ideally characterize ideal critical thinkers. According to Ennis, critical thinkers should be able to dispose themselves into a mental structure wherein they needs to have a form belief that their thoughts and decisions are true, realistic and justified. The critical thinkers are also expected to take others thought into consideration and not only establish his or her own thought or ideals. Apart from that, ideal critical thinkers are also expected to maintain the focus of the topic in the discussion and never exaggerate or move out of the topic. Justification of teaching critical thinking: It has been observed that the learning aims are inconsistent and in most of the cases misinterpreted since the very infant stage of education. The students read, lean and write the syllabus, appears for examination but on the same hand it is questionable as to why are the particular syllabuses taught and about the need of the topics in the long run (Roderick, 2016). To make the students understand that whatever is taught since the very initial stage corresponds to the moral and ethical development of the students, critical thinking must be applied as a course in the curriculum. Critical thinking encourages students be inquisitive in the right way. That is it enables the students to ask the right questions whenever necessary (Shamim, 2017). Students when taught to think in a critical way, from the very childhood are able to figure out the existence of problems. Once the problems are figured out, it is easier for the students to solve the same. Teaching to give a critical thought also helps students to make proper assumptions and presumptions. Critical thinking though is not a course that can be taught to students; still the fairer part is that with regular practice critical thinking can be improved. Since it is not a course rather a concept or a practice that needs to be developed, with continuous practice and regular efforts the same can be achieved. In higher standards, practice of critical thinking would help students to figure out the characteristic skills that they posses. The prime benefit that the students would be having is self-analysis (Roderick, 2016). Self- realization would be helping students to figure out their carrier goals and to chart out their life. That is, it is imperative to understand self -need and likings. Critical thinking would certainly help students in secondary level to draw a fine line of demarcation between fantasies and realistic life and ambition, which would make them more sorted. Apart from that the students if being taught to think critically in secondary schools would also help the students to analyze the pros and cons of the carrier choice that they makes without the guidance of parents or carrier counselors. As such it is quite evident that critical thinking also enables to develop self confidence and take responsibility (Ma Schapira, 2017). For instance, having critical thought would enabl e a student of secondary level to make his carrier choice and align all the external factors related to it like the source of income to support the course fees, future higher education opportunities related to it and all the other external and internal aspects related to it. Developing the concept of critical thinking in grown up adults in tertiary education system is even more beneficial (McPeck, 2016). Applying critical thought to real life situation helps to solve problems and issues regarding all the sectors of life. It enables individuals to take apt business decisions, make worthy investment plans, chalk out carrier objectives and fix realistic deadlines to meet the goals. It must be noted that mind is a gadget rather than an organ of human body. Being stagnant for too long would not only rust mind but at the same time would lessen the ability of critical thought (Young Killick, 2017). Critical thought is a continuous engaging process that would only result in better psychological and emotional performance. It essentially results in better thinking and decision-making power. Reference List Cottrell, S. (2017).Critical thinking skills. Macmillan Education. Davis, N. (2017).The selfish gene. Macat Library. Fuller, M., Moore, R. (2017).The death and life of great American cities. Macat Library. Key, L. E., Noble, B. P. (2017).Course in general linguistics. Macat Library. Ma, C., Schapira, M. (2017).The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. Macat Library. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Miletzki, J., Broten, N. (2017).Development as freedom. Macat Library. Roderick, G. (2016).Teaching critical thinking: Dialogue and dialectic. Routledge. Shamim, T. (2017). Critical-thinking skills.The Journal of the American Dental Association,148(1), 4-5. Young, S., Killick, H. (2017).Religion and the Decline of Magic. Macat Library.

Importance of Maintanance free essay sample

Maintenance of air conditioning is important to prevent health and safety issues and keep the air clean and prevent break downs. Heating, ventilating, or air conditioning units for repairs entail significant costs, so it is important to avoid future expenses. Older air conditioners may still be able to offer years of relatively efficient use. However, making older air conditioner last requires performing proper operation and maintenance. Air conditioning maintenance facts HVAC system failures are caused but common dirt and dust buildup caused by neglect. With both the indoor and outdoor components out of every day sight it is easy to forget to regularly service air conditioning system performance. If the filter is not cleaned at regular intervals it may become partially clogged with lint and dirt. Operating the system without a filter allows the lint and dirt that is normally trapped by the filter to accumulate on the cooling coil of the air conditioner. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Maintanance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will lead to a loss of air volume, possible equipment damage and an expensive cleaning process. That why proper maintenance of air conditioning system required. Preventive Maintenance Preventative maintenance is essential in reducing equipment failures, corrosion and expensive repairs. Preventative maintenance programs can help reduce energy usage and save you money. Followings are packaged air conditioning system preventive maintenance procedures. (a) Air-side maintenance 1. Change filters time between filter changes depends on the type of filters, their dust-holding capacity, and the amount of dust in the air. A change interval of from 3 to 6 months will be the normal range. . Check all portions of the unit through which air flows for cleanliness and for evidence of standing water or biological growth every 6 months. Clean as required, and repair any leaks or other uncontrolled sources of water. 3. If there is evidence of biological growth, clean thoroughly and disinfect. If the condensate tray or drain does not drain completely, modify as necessary to ensure that it does. 4. Test operation of any motorized dampers clean, lubricate, adju st linkages, or repair as needed. 5. Check operation of gravity dampers; clean, lubricate, or repair as needed annually. (b) Cooling section maintenance 1. Check the cooling coil and its condensate tray and drain clean as necessary. Ensure that condensate drains completely from the tray, the drain is not blocked, and there is no evidence of biological growth. 2. If there is evidence of biological growth, clean thoroughly and disinfect. If the condensate tray or drain does not drain completely, modify as necessary to ensure that it does. (c) Gas-fired heating section maintenance . Inspect, calibrate, repair, and test fuel burners, including induced draft fan. 2. Check operation of the flue gas venting system to ensure it is not leaking, and that flue gases are not recirculating to any ventilation air intakes. (d) Hot water heating coil maintenance 1. Check coil to ensure it is clean; as required. (e) Electric resistance heating element maintenance 1. Check element to ensure it is clean; clean as required Routine Mainte nance People often think  routine air conditioning maintenance  isn’t necessary. The average person mistakenly thinks that spending money when the unit is operating properly is unnecessary, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Followings are packaged unit routine maintenance. Three Monthly A. Supply Air Fan-Check fan and bearings for overheating, noise and excessive vibration. Check belts for wear. Adjust tension as necessary. Check flexible duct connections. Check all guards are securely mounted. B. Electric Motor-Check bearings for overheating. Check motor and drive for overheating, noise and excessive vibration. Check condition of cable, terminal box and isolator. C. Air Filters- Check condition of filter medium, frame and for any air bypassing the filter. Check the operation of the manometer. Record reading. Wash washable filters. Yearly (Y) A. Casing- Check casing for breakdown of insulation. Report any deterioration. Check for corrosion or breakdown of the paint surface. Report any deterioration. B. Supply Air Fan- Lubricate bearings as required. Check fan mountings are secure. Clean the fan impellers, casings and all surfaces where dust can accumulate. On stopping and starting, check flexible connections are not overstressed due to fan movement. C. Electric Motor- Check air passages to the motor are clear and clean of dust. D. Cooling/Heating Coil- Check and clean coil. Clean condensate tray. Check condensate tray for free drainage and flush through with a high pressure hose. E. Dampers- Check all blades are free to rotate and seal well in the closed position. Check all linkages are in sound condition. Lubricate as required and all parts for corrosion and general deterioration.

Tale Of 2 Cities, Justice Vs Injustice Essays - Philosophy Of Law

Tale Of 2 Cities, Justice Vs Injustice Essays - Philosophy Of Law Tale Of 2 Cities, Justice Vs Injustice Justice VS Injustice Justice versus injustice, a battle fought since the time of man. Dickens' most valuable message in A Tale of Two Cities is that justice will always triumph over injustice. Justice and injustice play a big part in the book. In Darnay's many trials he has each time gotten away from his prosecutors because of help from friends and family. In his first trial his uncle, the Marquis, tries to imprison him for treason, but with the help of Carton he is let free. The second trial was a bit more complex, he is captured by the DeFarges, who don't plan on giving him a fair trial. They wanted to do him a great injustice by putting him to death for a law they had made up. The persuasive Dr. Menette reasoned with the jury, so that they would let him off. Of course it is not always this easy. It was very rare in those days that someone would be let off. The jury never usually took more than a few seconds to decide if the accused shall be put to death or not. Jail was no longer a matter after the revolution. The guillotine was saving them a great deal of time. People went to jail for only a little while, the trial was short and death even shorter. The third trial of Darnay not filled with much justice. He was released from jail and not long after, he got picked up again and back to jail he went, where this trial went quickly and he was sentenced to death. Even with this injustice that was given to Darnay, an even stronger justice was handed to him by a friend. Sydney Carton literally gave him life. The day before Charles was to be sent to the guillotine Sydney exchanged places with him, since they looked so much alike nobody could tell the difference. I don't think his messages apply much in today's world. In today's society things like that are not done. Cases could take years just to get to the court and the trial could even last years. People today get away with murder, robberies, and other federal offences. You can't always have justice, it won't always triumph over injustice. A person can't possibly think it is right when a young child gets murdered and the killer can't be convicted. But things like those happen in the world we live in today.

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Taxation - Essay Example Taxes are generally enforced on the profits or income of the companies and individuals. There are many types of taxes, the common ones being the income tax (levied on income) and the sales tax (levied on sales). Another type of tax is the Capital Gains Tax which would be discussed throughout the paper. According to Burman (1999), a Capital Gains tax is the one that is levied on the Capital Gains of a company or any individual.1 Capital Gains refer to the profit that is earned due to the sale of a non-inventory asset which was bought at a fairly low price. These Gains may be earned due to the sale of assets like the stocks, the bonds and property etc. For example, if a person Mr. Edward Cullen buys some shares worth  £2,500 n sells them for  £12,500 then he makes capital gains worth  £10,000. (12,500-2,500) Campbell (1977) argues that Capital Gains have a lot of strategic importance2. This is because according to him, the business income alone does not prove to be sufficient for the motivation of investors. His study (1977) also shows that the investment in the US and other countries like France, Britain, and Germany has improved over the years due to the increase in the enthusiasm towards the Capital Gains3. However, the introduction of the Capital Gains tax is something that discourages companies and individuals. This is because the incidence of the tax means that the companies no longer enjoy the relatively newer and higher profits that they previously had. As a consequence, they may get discouraged by the tax and may try to sell the asset for a price that is lower than the price that is chargeable. Ultimately the Capital Gains earned by the companies and individuals may decrease and so will the eagerness towards investment through the sale of the non inventory assets. But all of th is depends on the respective criterion of the government policies for the charging of the person and the

Paraphrase for Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Paraphrase for Discussion - Essay Example In the case where multiple tubes are placed in a staggered pattern, just as in the experiment, each additional row progressively creates more turbulence on the other proceeding rows. Thus, this increase in turbulence leads to an increase in heat transfer for each tube rows. A keen look at the rate of increase in heat transfer from one row to another will reveal a decreasing trend with more decrease realized in those rows farthest from the first row of the heat exchangers. This is attributable to the fact that all the flow in the in the first row of heat exchangers is at first laminar before being converted into turbulent. On the other hand, the subsequent rows function as a turbulence generating grid, which therefore increases the turbulence in the entire heat exchanger. Still, for each additional row encountered, a larger percentage of the flow hitting a particular row is already turbulent before the hit leading to a release of just a small of percentage of the flow for conversion to turbulent flow. For instance, if 60% of laminar flow is converted to turbulent for each row that the flow encounters, the returns will be diminishing. This implies that for the first row, 60% of the flow will be turbulent whereas for the second and third rows only 78% and 84% respectively will be converted. Finally, the other factor that affects the heat transfer coefficient is the difference in temperature between the surface of the element and air. Since the heat transfer coefficient varies inversely with the difference in temperature (see equation 5), this implies that transfer coefficient for a given heat transfer increases as the temperature difference decreases. The second experiment was conducted to examine the effect of heat transfer as a function of location on a cylinder. A cylindrical probe was used to measure the heat transfer as a function of angle. The measurements were taken for uniform flow in an air tunnel. A

Rationale of the Stability and Growth Pact Given the Maastricht Treaty Essay

Rationale of the Stability and Growth Pact Given the Maastricht Treaty Criteria and its Advantages and Disadvanatges - Essay Example These monetary advantages augment in relation to volume of trade and with the intensity of economic integration. As for the cost of the monetary union, it emanates from the savings in loss of the exchange rate as a fine-tuning variable to soothe the aggregate demand. (Quere et al 2010:390).Further, Exchange rate movements are liable to be a basis of asymmetric shocks and Mundells approach found the monetary union as a mode to condense asymmetric shocks and enhance insurance against them (Quere et al 2010:390). As per Mundells, elimination of Transaction costs will be the direct gains whereas price transparency will be the indirect gain. Many empirical studies have shown that there will be many gains from a monetary union and one of the main benefits will be the elimination of exchange rate transaction’s costs as there will be reduction in the size of price discrimination between national markets. (Llirjani 2006:73). According to Taylor (2005), transaction costs will include sa vings in currency conversion charges , reduction in bank commissions , charges and delays linked with cross-border payments by banks. As per an EU study , the elimination of transaction costs involving conversion of one currency into another is likely to enhance the GDP of the nations concerned by an aggregate of 0.4% for the EU as a whole per annum. (Macdonald 1999:201). Single monetary union will help to attain lower transaction costs as there will be no commission on foreign exchange transactions and there will be an elimination of costs of hedging the exchange rate risk. Under single monetary union, all member nations will enjoy lower interest rates. (Grauwe 2007:78). Many of the analysis of costs and benefits of Europe’s common currency is footed upon the theory of optimum currency areas . According to this concept, the benefits that accrue by sharing a common currency across nations’ frontiers include more uniform prices (price parity), greater certainty for inve stors , lower transactions costs and increased competition.(Carbaugh 2011 :307). A single monetary union will offer more advantages to exporters as it will put a full stop to domestic currency volatility and a diminution of peripheral currency volatility, which would facilitate exporters to visualise prospect markets with larger conviction. This will let loose a larger possibility for expansion of economy for participants of the monetary union. For instance ,in the recent years , Germany experienced economic development which is footed on vibrant corporate investments and export growth in the export sector(Herr & Kazandziska 2011:194) The chief advantage connected with a monetary union is that there will be welfare advantages due to better prospects or from less uncertainty for companies to maximise their revenues as future returns will be less risky. (Llirjani 2006:73).Further, less uncertainty will also fetch financial stability among member nations. For instance ,it is interestin g to observe that Spain, Italy and France attained 100%, 100%, and 68% respectively of their prior-EMU window variances that were greater than the post-EUM variation. (Mafi-Kreft & Sobel 2006). According to Balwin, Skudelny and Taglioni (2005), due to single

Reflective Essay on Acutely ill Patient Mrs Smith

Reflective Essay on Acutely ill Patient Mrs Smith This essay will be a reflective essay focussing on a critical incident that took place whilst being at practice placement earlier in the year. A critical incident is defined as a learning technique that breaks an event down into its main components for the purpose of reflective analysis (Hoystonard, and Simpson, 2004) The essay will give a critical analysis of an event with an acutely ill adult and will use Gibbs model of reflection (1988) to do so. For the purpose of this essay, the patient will be referred to as Mrs Smith. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model of reflection (1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description what happened?, feelings what were you feeling?, evaluation what was good or bad about the experience?, analysis what sense can be made of the situation?, conclusion what else could you have done?, and an action plan if the situation arises again what would you do?. The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. This incident occurred in the middle of my 10 week placement on the ward. My reason for using this critical incident is because of the impact that it had on me. I did not expect to see my mentor in a situation which she did not appear to be able to cope with, principally through lack of communication. Mrs Smith is a 46 year old lady suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In order to provide treatment for this disease, it was decided that a Hickman line would be the most appropriate type of access for the patient, so this procedure was performed in theatre under sterile conditions. Mrs Smith was well enough to go home just a few hours after the procedure but started to feel unwell the following morning. She was experiencing extreme pain at the wound site so returned to hospital. When Mrs Smith returned to the ward it was clear this event was serious as her neck and chest were very red and inflamed looking and she was showing all the signs and symptoms of a severe infection, i.e. temperature of 38+C, heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute, respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute and white blood cell count greater than 12,000. These combined symptoms are known as the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. This, in conjunction with a confirmed infection is kn own as Sepsis. My mentor and I immediately began the process of managing the infection, keeping Mrs Smith stable and preventing further deterioration in her condition. Although we managed to prevent Mrs Smith from progressing to septic shock, I felt the management of the situation could have been handled better by my mentor, enabling me to provide better care. This is the issue which I would like to reflect on. My thoughts and feelings towards this event were initially fear ,as I had not dealt with such a seriously ill patient before and I was worried that my mentor would expect more from me than I was capable of giving. I felt under pressure as things had to be done quickly and I did not want my mentor to think I was not capable in a critical situation. I also did not want the patient to feel that I was not able, and that she was not in safe hands. Durbin (2004) has said that critically ill patients may experience many unpleasant and frightening events, so the use of reassuring mannerisms and honest communication improves patient comfort. My mentor started to become flustered and was not staying calm which was what was needed in this situation. I felt that procedures were being rushed and not done as well as they could have been owing to the pressure of the situation. My mentor was trying to do everything herself and not communicating with either myself, the patient or other staff members, causing uncertainty and confusion. Houston (2009) states that keeping calm under pressure will enable you to make good decisions, have a better judgement, and be able to deal with patients and their families better. I was trying to think and plan ahead for Mrs Smiths care but knew I was not achieving this because of the lack of communication from my mentor. I wanted to ask my mentor to calm down as it was not helping the situation, and I imagined that it was making the patient feel worse and more anxious seeing this lack of control from the nursing staff who were supposed to be helping her. Mrs Smith just needed to be reassured and kept calm during this initial crucial hour, but I could see that we had not achieved this and she looked very worried. McCabe (2003) states that patient-centred communication is vital to encourage and support both nurse and patient in a critical situation and Radcliffe (2006) is a firm advocate of improving communication with patients . As blood cultures and urine samples were taken and the administering of antibiotics began, the patient eventually stabilised and vital signs began to improve which was a great relief as we both now felt more in control of the situation. It was not until then that my mentor began to deliver better care and I started to plan ahead for what would be needed next. Gillie and Thorman (2008) state that having a positive attitude will let you be more in control of a critical situation, and that being positive shows you have the strength to stand up to a negative situation. I did not go into this event with a positive attitude as I had never experienced this before and initially just felt panicked and under pressure. However, in future I will always have a positive attitude when going into a new and difficult situation as it will have a greater effect and better outcome for all involved. Mrs Smith was now being managed for sepsis and my mentor had removed the source of infection which was proven to be the Hickman line, and inserted a urinary catheter to monitor Mrs Smiths urinary output as she had not passed urine at all that day. She was given IV fluids to maintain her circulating volume and I continued to monitor her vital signs and assess Mrs Smiths mental state. The antibiotic therapy should have been started earlier, but owing to my mentor not contacting the doctor quickly enough, this delayed the patient being stabilised quicker. If my mentor had remained calmer then she would have been more focussed on what was a priority. Prioritising what has to be done first, is an essential skill nurses need in order to provide a good level of nursing care, Castledine (2002). I felt this was a negative aspect of my experience as I knew myself that we had not prioritised and that antibiotic therapy should be started shortly after diagnosis of sepsis to prevent further deter ioration. However, positive aspects of the experience were that I learned that I was calm under pressure and was able to reassure the patient when I did not think I could. Another positive aspect was that my mentor and I managed to control the sepsis before the patient went into septic shock. She was however, already showing signs of severe sepsis as her kidney function had altered. On looking back and analysing the situation, it was a worthwhile exercise as it was a good learning curve for me on how not to act in a critical situation. I did not want to be like my mentor who was flustered and panicking and therefore not thinking properly, as I saw how it affected the situation. Because of this critical incident occurring, I learnt valuable skills that I will use in other situations, should they arise. Skills such as, staying calm and not panicking, communicating with the patient to reassure them they will be ok and communicating with relatives as they need to know what is going on as well. Acting quickly under pressure, but not too quickly which may cause mistakes to happen. Also, very importantly, to ask for help when required. If this situation was to happen again, I feel I am more prepared and would not have the initial feeling of worry and fear, as I know what to expect and am capable of carrying out what may be asked of me. On making sense of the situation, I realise I am more confident now not only in this situation but other tasks that are asked of me in the practice placement. This incident began as what should have been a straightforward case of managing sepsis, but soon turned into a worrying case of possible severe sepsis and losing control of this situation all down to panic, lack of forward planning and lack of communication. Robson and Daniels (2008) discuss how the Sepsis Six Bundle could have been used in this situation, as it has been introduced in 2007 for cases exactly like this, reducing mortality rates by 25%. Six simple steps to be followed within the first hour and severe sepsis will be avoided. Mitchell et al (2004) looks at the changes made to the patients care if sepsis is managed well and how one of the roles of the nurse in this situation must be to keep the patient reassured as much as possible. Reassurance would have kept Mrs Smith from becoming more panicked and would have made the event slightly easier for myself and my mentor. Once the initial hour had passed and the management of the sepsis was under control, Mrs Smith became more stable and was relieved to have her pain under control. After a few days on a course of antibiotics, Mrs Smiths infection soon cleared. On reflection, I now know what was good and bad about this event and what to take from it. If a situation like this were to occur again, the first thing to apply would be a positive attitude leading to a more controlled and calmer management of a critical incident. Being more in control of the situation makes forward planning easier to do and better nursing care can be achieved. The patient would benefit greatly and a lot more quickly than a rushed, uncontrolled environment. Fewer mistakes would occur and simple tasks would not be missed as the nurse involved would be more focussed. Proper communication is a huge factor in how any incident turns out. Anderson (2009) states that breakdown in communication can cause negative outcomes, and warns about poor communication, especially with patients and their families. Lack of communication can lead to lack of trust and mean that any future communications could well be disregarded. Egan (2007) states that the face and body are very communicative and in this situation the patient was picking up my mentors uncertainty and panic eve n through her non-verbal communication, making her worried and ill at ease. McCabe and Timmons (2006) stress how important communication is in establishing rapport with the patient, again building up trust. Coulehan et al (2001) also note how communication, using empathy helps to establish a relationship with both patient and relatives. In a future situation I would ensure proper communication with all involved especially the patient, to put them at ease and reassure them that the staff knows what they are doing. Now that I have had this experience and learnt from it, I have gained a lot more confidence in how to better manage a patient in a similar situation, not just a critical incident. Being more confident lets the patient know that you are in control and can put their mind at ease, Penzien and Rains (2007). I would know not to show fear, as there was not anything to fear and the last thing the patient needed was to feel worried she was not in safe hands.

Comparing Irvings Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

An Analysis of Irving's Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker Washington Irving was one of the first American writers to write any kind of fantasy story or writing. At first he tried to pass his stories as real life accounts found in a dead mans dresser. The start of one states that it is real and has been deemed so by collages and some museums. After he saw how much people liked his stories he published all of them in " The Sketch Book of Godfred Crayon, Gent.". This Collection became famous overnight. His stories were also successful in England and Europe. Most of his stories have many similarities and differences. "Rip VanWinkle" and " The Devil and Tom Walker" are two good examples. To start of with there all around feeling and theme. Now one can tell "Rip VanWinkle" is set in a fantasy world right of the bat by the way Irving sort of zooms in on the scene, first he tells of the mountains and then the town and down till he's in the room with Tom and his wife. In "The Devil and Tom Walker" the author gives some info on the situation and the charters and then just jumps into the story. In both of the stories you get the feeling of something supernatural is going to happen. Also in both they take place in remote areas. Next we have the husband wife relationship in both cases. Now Rip was sort of a say nothing do nothing when it came to his house and wife. His wife would bad mouth him and yell at him, but Rip wouldn't do much anyway. He would just go off and sleep. Now Tom and his wife on the other hand would battle to the death. Tom would yell and scream and so would his wife. Tom would hide money and so would his wife. In both of the stories they wife husband relationship would be a turning point in both cases. And last the way they both got what they wanted. In Rips case he wanted to get rid of his wife and his jobs. He goes to the forest to escape from his wives verbal abuse. He gets his wish by getting a new life

Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water – Plan

I am planning an experiment to investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water. * Independent Variable The independent variable for this experiment is the PH of the solution the steak is marinated in. I will achieve a range of different PH values by using buffers set at PH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. I predict that there will be an optimum PH where the steak will absorb the most water. The amount of water absorbed by the raw meat will increase as you increase the PH up to the optimum and then decrease the PH as the PH increases past the optimum. * Dependent Variable The dependent variable for this experiment is the amount of water absorbed by the diced steak by process of osmosis. I will record this by recording the mass before and the mass after marination. From these results I can calculate the percentage change in mass so that I can compare the different results with each other. I will calculate the percentage change by : Change x 100 Original * Controlled Variables The main control variables for this experiment are : Each of the 5 buffer solutions should have the same volume of 50ml and the same concentration. If one beaker had more than another then there would be more solution to act on the meat therefore tenderising it more. This could alter the end percentage change in mass. The mass of the diced steak before marination needs to be controlled. A larger mass could potentially absorb and store more water. I will try to get as similar masses as possible to avoid any differences in weight. Instead of calculating the difference in mass, I will calculate percentage change in mass to account for any small differences in mass. Also a constant surface area of the diced steak is important, otherwise there would be a larger area for the solution to act on causing more tenderisation therefore altering the overall results. The temperature at which the meat is marinated at would need to remain constant. At a higher temperature, molecules are moving faster therefore osmosis is more likely to occur. The experiment will be conducted at room temperature, although a more scientific method would be the use of an incubator. I will conduct the experiment in the same place so that each test is experiencing the same temperature changes. The time allowed for marination, each steak should be in the buffer solution for 12 hours all getting the same length of time otherwise a longer time could provide an opportunity for more water to be absorbed. Drying of the steak pieces, dab twice on each side. If some are dabbed more than the other it would alter the end percentage change in mass. * Method ? Divide the diced steak into five equally sized piles. ? Using electronic scales weigh each pile to make the masses as similar as possible. Record the masses. ? Add 50ml of buffer solution PH1 to a beaker and repeat the process for the other buffer solutions. ? Put one set of diced steak into each beaker. ? Leave the 5 beakers for 12hours allowing the raw meat to marinate. ? Remove the dices from the solution and pat dry before weighing. ? Record the mass of each pile and calculate the percentage change in mass by using formula : Change x 100 Original ? Repeat the experiment 3 times to ensure an accurate set of results. ? Plot a graph of PH against percentage change in mass.

architectural designs that wouldnt have been possible without the use of computers The WritePass Journal

Write an essay on buildings/architectural designs that wouldnt have been possible without the use of computers Introduction Write an essay on buildings/architectural designs that wouldnt have been possible without the use of computers ). The use of computers in architectural design has made it possible for architects to make use of complex and multifaceted design information. This is possible as a result of the development of computer software which has made it possible to come up with complex designs before the actual process of construction. Computer-aided architectural design programs have resulted in more accurate designs and comprehensive records when it comes to building designs. Ever since 1960, computer aided design programs (CAD) were used by architects in coming up with architectural designs. However, this software lacked some tools which architects considered relevant during their architectural projects. This therefore resulted in the development of a distinct class of software specifically designed for use in architectural design: CAAD. There are various architectural designs which may not have been possible without the use of computers. Examples of architectural designs Without going into explicit detail on the various architectural designs which have utilized computer software to be generated, a known example is the Burj Dubai project whereby the Burj Dubai tower is an architectural design which was created with the use of a computer aided architectural design software program. The Sliding House, Reflection of a Mineral, Byron Bay house, Hangar Prefab, Swiss Charlet and the Marinette Residence are some examples of architectural designs which were generated as a result of the use of computer aided architectural design (CAAD) (Bruinessen, Hopman, DeNucci Oers 2011). The London Gherkin is also an example of a building with a complex design structure which required the utilization of computer aided software to assist in the architectural design. The London Gherkin is known to have an unusual design structure which could not have been designed without the use of computers. It is classified among the 9 most mathematically fascinating buildings in the world. The building is round with a narrow top and a bulge at the centre. In addition to the use of CAAD, parametric modeling was also used to design the building (Josie 2011). The Zaha Hadid building in Hong Kong is also an example of a building with a complex design structure which could not have been created without the aid of a computer software design program. The computer aided design allowed the architects to come up with various design shapes without first settling on the identified shape for the building. Despite the fact that this was a tiring task, it would not have been possible to achieve without the use of computers in the design process (design museum + British council 2007). Another important example of a building with a complex design structure is the Frank Gehrys Fisher center in NYC. The design of this building would not have been possible without the use of computer aided architectural design. This building was named after the architect who designed it that is; Frank Gehry. This architect is known to have indulged in various architectural designs ranging from small to larger buildings. Despite the fact that he had a lot of experience when it came to architectural design, he could not have designed the identified building without the aid of a computer. The building’s style was deconstructive post modern. In addition to this, the design ensured that the ground floor was actually wrapped around sides of his older house. The wrapping extended the house in that it reached the streets (Archinomy 2010). The examples of designs provided above are known to have utilized complex blueprints which could not have been generated accurately without the use of computer programs. New and even more complex designs as still being generated with the help of different computer programs and CAD drafting techniques such as; AutoCAD. The design process of a building requires that the provided architectural drawing be up to date and accurate so as to enable the physical characteristics of the buildings being constructed to be easily defined. The use of computer technology for the production of the sophisticated architectural designs is considered to be more advanced compared to the use of traditional methods since it ensures that the user is provided with   input tools which ensure that the design process is streamlined, drafted and documented for an easier understanding. This makes it easier and more achievable to come up with complex architectural designs without necessarily doing all the design works in one day. How the Work Compares With Other Practices of Design Computer generated architectural designs make use of computer aided design and drafting (CADD) which is software that provides architectural graphics in the form of vectors. The graphics are later utilized in depicting objects and at the same time producing a raster graphic of an object which is to be designed. Comparing this to traditional or other forms of designs, computer aided architectural designs are considered to be more accurate and complex. In addition to this, the designs which are generated through the use of computer software programs can be postponed and cleared at a future date since it requires the architect to save the work and re open it when ready to continue with the design. Other practices of design do not require the use of sophisticated software to come up with the final design product. The reason behind this is that the various design practices involved are not considered to be that complex when compared with the design of a house (Shaffie 2011). The Impact and Effect of the Use of Computers in the Development of Building and Architectural Designs The use of computers in the architectural sectors has reflected both negative and positive impacts when it comes to building and architectural designs. Taking into consideration the positive impact that the use of computers has brought within this sector, it is evident that the use of software has made it possible for architects to come up with more accurate designs. This comes about as a result of the fact that the computer aided software programs which are used in architectural design makes use of vector coordinates to show building measurements which are considered to be more accurate compared to if the architectural design was being designed manually without the use of a computer but through the use of a ruler and a pencil (Bruinessen, Hopman, DeNucci Oers 2011). In addition to the accuracy, the use of computers has ensured that the designs developed in architecture are produced faster in comparison to if the computers had not been utilized. One of the advantages associated to computers is speed. Therefore any activity carried out through the use of computers is done within a limited time period compared to if a computer had not been used to carried out the activity. Every factor which has an advantage is also associated with various disadvantages. This is no exception when it comes to architectural design and the use of computers. For instance, for an architect to come up with a building’s design through the use of computer aided software programs, the architect must to be computer literate. This means that the architect has to spend more time and money to become computer literate so as to be able to make use of the computer software program as required. (Bruinessen, Hopman, DeNucci Oers 2011). Events and External Ideas Have Been Incorporated In the Development of These Architectural Designs There are four major events which marked the early development of computer aided architectural design. The first event is the studies which were carried out by Clark and Sounder which formed the foundation of the layout which was computer aided. This event took place in the years 1963 and 1964. The second event which took place in 1965 involved the manipulation and representation of buildings which were graphical in nature as objects. The third event involved the act of laying down foundations which were used for methods of design. In 1964, this view was considered important to computers use in the architectural design. The final event involved the architectural machine idea. This event took place in the year 1972 within the field of robotics. The machine was meant to be intelligent enough in that it could be involved in any activities of design whilst cooperating with the architect involved in a dialogue (Shaffie 2011). Computer Aided Architectural Design Impact on the Society Concepts which are available in the applications of CAAD are known to have an impact on the creativity and innovation capabilities of the people who use them. Therefore to the society CAAD creates an opportunity for researchers, students as well as professionals, who show an interest in the identified concepts of CAAD as this assists them in building their knowledge on these concepts as they are going to be involved in debate on the various lessons from the past concerning architectural design as well as the present and future impacts on the CAAD innovation. In addition to the reason above, computer aided architectural design has also played a major societal role of ensuring that there is proper urban planning as well as city and regional planning. This plays a part in reducing the disadvantage of congestion and any security or safety risk which may be associated to it (Bruinessen, Hopman, DeNucci Oers 2011). Comparison to Earlier Designs Taking into consideration various architectural designs which have been produced in the architectural field these days, it is evident that the designs produced are more complex compared to the earlier designs. Other than complexity, the designs produced through the utilization of computers are of a higher quality compared to the designs which were earlier produced without the use of computers. This has resulted in various advantages and disadvantages setting in such as: improved safety. The use of computers in architectural design has ensured that there is an improved level of human safety since the chances of buildings collapsing have also been reduced as a result of better design procedures. Other than the advantages, there are also disadvantages associated with the use of computers in architectural design for instance; the fact that architects have to be educated on how to use computers and software is a major impediment. This means spending more time and funds to be able to make use of CAAD. More time spent on design is also a disadvantage associated with the use of computers in today’s design in comparison to earlier design. The reason behind this is that most of the architectural designs which are delivered through the use of computers are complex in nature which means architects have to pay more attention to ensure that the output design presented is accurate as desired. Influence of Computer Aided Architectural Design on the Community Computer Aided architectural design has greatly influenced the community in that it has promoted the existing levels of interaction among the individuals of the community in that community members identify the designs they require and the architects involved ensure that the designs are produced through the help of computers. In addition to this, it has also promoted the existing level of communication which exists in a community in that as architects meet to discuss the various building designs, they take into consideration and the various views that the members of the community may have provided with regards to the type of buildings that they want to have in their neighbourhood (Bruinessen, Hopman,   DeNucci Oers 2011). Impact of Building to Environmental Sustainability Green building has gained momentum as the impact of environmental sustainability has continued to rise in the community. The buildings in which people live in, work in and play in are meant to offer protection from the extremes of nature which may have a negative effect on our health and the surrounding environment in various ways. Green building, also referred to as sustainable buildings have ensured that people are living within constructions considered to be healthy and efficient when it comes to the utilized resources. Buildings ensure sustainability depending on the construction materials used as they ensure efficiency of materials such as energy and water and at the same time ensuring that the risks posed when it comes to health are also limited (Bruinessen, Hopman, DeNucci Oers 2011) Conclusion In summary, the use of computers within the architectural field has proved to be advantageous since it has resulted in the development of architectural designs which are complex in nature. However, architects are required to be familiar with the use of computers to be able to make use of the computer aided architectural software to come up with the complex designs which is a disadvantage. References Archinomy, 2010. Viewed from archinomy.com/case-studies/1931/frank-owen-gehry Bruinessen, T, Hopman, H, DeNucci, T, Oers, B 2011, Generating More Valid Designs during Design Exploration. (Cover story),  Journal Of Ship Production Design, 27, 4, pp. 153-161, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 April 2012. Design museum + British council, 2007, â€Å"zaha Hadid architecture and design†. Viewed from http://designmuseum.org/design/zaha-hadid Desinon, E, 2009,  the History of Building Design.  Viewed April 23, 2012 from  desinon.com/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=50:the-history-of-building-designcatid=35:about-us Josie, W, 2011. Trip base‘9 most mathematically interesting building in the world†. Viewed from tripbase.com/blog/9-most-mathematically-interesting-buildings-in-the-world/ Shaffie, H, 2011. ‘The Roots of computer aided architectural form generation’.   Viewed in April 24, 2012, from http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hs/Research/COMPUTER%20APPLICATIONS%20IN%20ARCHITECTURE%20-%20FORM%20GENERATION%20TOOLS.pdf Tai, L, 2012,   LANDSCAPE JOURNAL. Assessing the Impact of Computer Use on Landscape Architecture Professional Practice: Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Design Creativity. Viewed April 23, 2012 from  http://lj.uwpress.org/content/22/2/113.short

Letters and Email essays

Letters and Email essays Computer technology has advanced our society in many different ways. With the power of the Internet, communication is a click away. Communication technology has revolutionized the way we send mail. Before computers and the Internet, handwritten letters have been the basis of communication. People have been handwriting letters for centuries. Whether it is greeting cards, invitations, holiday wishes, or just dropping someone a line, pen and paper letters were in heavy use. That is until the development of the Internet and mass production of personal computers. Electronic mail has become the most popular form of communication in the twenty- first century. With the ease of use in computers, and the communication power of the Internet, it only takes mere seconds to type up and send an email. As the computer becomes a more popular appliance to have in your home, almost replacing the television, people have discovered the many advantages of electronic mail. Electronic mail has many advantages over traditional handwritten letters. One of those advantages is its delivery speed. Electronic mail is delivered instantly to its recipient upon the click of a Send button. Before you would have to wait from two days up to a week for your recipient to receive your mail, it is now done instantly with the power of the Internet. For that reason, traditional handwritten letters have been labeled Snail Mail. Another advantage of email is the text or content of the letter is very easy to format. Computers are highly used for data processing and business statements. Businesses can type and edit a financial statement on a computer much faster than doing it with a pen and a piece of paper. Combine that versatility with instant mailing, and you have the easiest form of communication that is available today. You can delete text, add text, center it, indent it, and change the font size and the font face, all wit ...

Managing Finance Resources and Decisions subject Assignment - 1

Managing Finance Resources and Decisions subject - Assignment Example When it comes to the cash flow forecast of North Seaton, the prediction shows that the company is failing to generate adequate income to cover its expenditures. A relatively comparison of the income and expenditure data suggests that the increase in expenditure is not being equally complemented with a similar or greater level of increase in the net income (Schleifer, Sullivan and Murdough, 2014). That is why the monthly surplus figures are far lower than the deficits which in turn results in the company incurring significant proportion of cash flow deficits every month. Moreover, the company is failing to attain economies of scale and scope which is why the purchase expenditures have been increase in the last six months of the year. The cash deficits that has been realized every month is also because of the insurance premium of  £55,000 and  £50,000 paid in the month of January and May respectively. This has largely depleted the profit margin for the company. The quarterly bill p aid for electricity and heat has also reduced the company’s margin of income. Although the expenditure behind buying company vehicles was one off, but it has proven to be big burden for the company given the fact that they have to incur a constant maintenance expense of  £11,000 throughout the year. All the above mentioned facts are largely responsible for the cash deficits incurred by the company every month. b. The major reason behind such problems within the sales budget can be attributed to the failure of the company analysts in forecasting the demand for products. The inaccurate predictions led to a demand supply gap which in turn led the company to incur negative variances between sales budget and the generated sales (Nugus, 2009). Other reasons that can be attributed to this discrepancy are inappropriate marketing strategies adopted by the company,

Analysis of the business environment of vodaphone - introduction + Assignment

Analysis of the business environment of vodaphone - introduction + porters five forces analysis - Assignment Example In 1982 under the CEO Whent, Racal Electronics formed a new subsidiary Racal Strategic Radio Ltd. And in same year Racal's newly formed subsidiary Racal Strategic Radio Ltd under CEO Whent, it won one of the two UK cellular licenses. And the other license was won by British Telecom. The network which was 80 percent owned by Racal Electronics and 15 percent by Millicom and 5 percent Hambros Technology Trust by was named as Racal Vodafone. On January 1st 1985, Vodafone was launched. And so Racal Strategic Radio was renamed to Racal Telecommunications Group Ltd in the same year. COMPETITORS: Vodafone has various different competitors in the telecommunication market. But there are very few companies which are considered as rivals to Vodafone, as Vodafone itself is one of the most leading companies in market. If we study the main competitors of Vodafone in headquarter country UK then the main competing companies with Vodafone are T-Mobiles, Orange, O2 and virgin Mobiles. (Wikinvest , 2011 ) SERVICES AND PRODUCTS PROVIDED: Vodafone offers wide range of products and services within the vast range of telecommunication circle. These services include voice calls, messaging and cellphones etc.

DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE - Essay Example Nevertheless, one main issue remains to be satisfactorily resolved and it involves accurate measurement of the occurrence of plagiarism. Scholars have relied on student reporting of their own and their peers’ plagiarising behaviour in obtaining such measures. Although, scholars may obtain useful data this way, the method develops its paradox because it requires survey participants to offer honest reports regarding their dishonesty. Moreover, although self-reporting in any behaviour is problematic, self-reporting of dishonesty behaviour is extremely challenging and studies show that student responses are not congruent to their employed behaviours; nevertheless, the advent of plagiarism detection software made the task easier. The use of software that detect plagiarism by university lecturers enables the lecturers to perform what was previously difficult or impossible namely obtaining a clear picture of the extent of plagiarism in student assignments; moreover, the use of plagia rism software has deterrent effect on plagiarism. Despite the potential usefulness of the various plagiarism software and their unequivocally acceptance by the community of academicians, a backlash against their use seems to be underway as academicians consider the use of such software to control students. The scholar’s goal is to fill the gap between what students actually do instead of what they say they do with regard to plagiarism in assignments. The main strength in the research includes a collection of records on the form and extent of plagiarism over a period of five years in two main university assignments. However, the study had several limitations one of which is over reliance on Turnitin, which only matches material found on the internet. Materials of the university textbooks cannot be matched unless the material gets online in some form like through lodging a student’s assignment in the software’s database. Moreover, the database of Turnitin may be u nable to detect material within invisible web sources like password-protected databases or even customised assignments produced by writing companies. Another disadvantage is that the measurement process relied to a certain extent on the interpretation of the original report in conjunction with checking of the assignment script; hence, absolute objectivity cannot be claimed in the data. The disadvantage of the of a convenient sample like non-randomness and potential absenteeism in generalization are acknowledged; in addition, the study is limited to New Zealand where the data was derived and the findings indicate that they may not be generalised. The findings confirmed the established view that international students have high rate of plagiarism compared to domestic students because they not only topped in rates across students, but also were at the top of rating regarding verbatim plagiarism and were among students with high rate of extensive plagiarism. The notion that students wit hout experience are more prone to plagiarism was not fully supported in the study findings because students in year one submitted the smallest percentage of plagiarised script in the year of enrolment, while students in their fourth year of enrolment plagiarised extensively. From the present6ed data in the study, it is possible to develop a profile of

Ezra Pound Essay Example for Free

Ezra Pound Essay The Young Genius: Ezra Pound’s influenced poetry on Benito Mussolini and the Fascist movement, time of his stay in St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and the concept of Imagism. â€Å"If a nations literature declines, the nation atrophies and decays.† (Ezra Pound Quotes) Ezra Pound was not a man of many words, but he certainly did have a knack for turning simple words into something beautiful. Pounds’ poetry was influenced by his fascination with Benito Mussolini and the Fascist movement, the time of his stay in St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and the concept of Imagism. It is safe to say that Ezra Pound did not live a boring life growing up. He was born on October 30, 1885 in Hailey, Idaho. However, he was brought up in Wyncote, Philadelphia. At the small age of 12, Pound’s father, Hoomer Loomis Pound, sent him to military school. His father’s occupation was an assistant assayer at the U.S. Mint. Pound was the only child from his father, Hoomer Loomis Pound, and his mother, Mary Parker Wadsworth Weston. The family was your average, middle-class family. His mother, was more of a traditional woman. â€Å"A family that has respect for tradition,† were the words that often came out of her mouth. (Ezra (Weston Loomis) Pound Biography) In the year 1905, Pound received a bachelor degree of philosophy from Hamilton College and a master’s degree from University of Pennsylvania in 1906. After he graduated in 1907, his first teaching gig was teaching Spanish and French at a small Presbyterian college in Indiana. He was shortly fired from that occupation, due to the accused charges of seducing a young woman. Pound was never found guilty. One of the main influences in Ezra Pound’s poetry was Benito Mussolini and the Fascism beliefs. The whole interest and fascination began around 1924, when Pound left England and went to Italy with his second wife Olga Rudge. He left England because he believed they were responsible for the usury and international capitalism for the war. â€Å"Mussolini seemed to have clever ideas about economics than Major Douglass did.† (74. Wilhelm, James J.) Pound was so fixated on Mussolini that he eventually met him in Rome at January 30, 1933 in the Palazzo Venezie. (Ezra Pound Pound, Politics, Poetry) Furthermore, Pound created a name for him in the Fascist world and eventually made a regular address on the Italian State Radio, approved by the Italian government, because he was such an advocate for Benito Mussolini and his fascist views. Because of his incredible favor towards Mussolini, people back in the United States viewed him as a traitor  and were saying he was fraternizing with the enemy. â€Å"If a man isnt willing to take some risk for his opinions, either his opinions are no good or hes no good. (Treason, Fascism, and Anti-Semitism) People thought that Pound went insane and he was arrested for treason and was sent to St. Elizabeth’s Hospital of Mental Health. I believe, that this is an expressive poem about his feelings living in England or the United States. He was so happy in Italy and was living such a â€Å"colorful† life that every other way of life just appeared â€Å"dull† to him. â€Å"And the days are not full enough† And the days are not full enough And the nights are not full enough And life slips by like a field mouse Not shaking the grass. (Pound, Ezra) Ezra Pound In this poem, Ezra Pound used diction, tone, and euphony. Diction shined through in the chosen phrase, â€Å"not full enough†. Although he only used that twice in the poem, that phrase had a very powerful effect on the readers’ mood of the poem. He gave the poem a dull and melancholy vibe for the poem. Although the Pound’s attitude is not directly stated in this poem, the depressing tone is as noticeable as a white elephant in the room. Last but not least is the use of elegy. Despite the part of elegy relating to death, elegy is used in this poem because it is a very solemn themed poem. In my opinion, this â€Å"man† Pound is talking about is intended to be viewed as England or the United States. This â€Å"ideal† man that he speaks of, who has order about him, meant to be viewed as Italy/Benito Mussolini. â€Å"Canto 13† If a man have not order within him He cannot spread order about him; And if a man have not order within him His family will not act with due order; And if the prince have not order within him He cannot put order in his dominions. (Lines 46-51) In the previous excerpt of Canto 13, the three literacy terms refrain; anaphora and a hint of didactic poetry are involved. The word and phrase order appear in every line of the excerpt. It is repeated to not only get the meaning across, but to make a significant indent in the readers’ mind while reading the poem. The hint of didactic poetry is shown in this poem, I believe, because Pound is telling the reader without order you cannot do a few things such as spread order about him, family will not act, and one cannot put order in his dominions. In a way, that is teaching the pros of â€Å"order.† From this poem I can infer that Ezra Pound is stating that whether or not he is ruled by an imperialistic power: everyday is going to be the same, for everybody. The last line â€Å"Imperial power is? And to us what is it?† means that no matter government is enforced, their everyday life is not going to change. â€Å"Cantos XLIX: For The Seven Lakes† Sun up; work Sundown; to rest Dig well and drink of the water Dig field; eat of the grain Imperial power is? And to us what is it? The fourth; the dimension of stillness. And the power over wild beasts. (Lines 42-48) In this excerpt of a free versed poem, the mood is shown to be this sort of â€Å"depressed† or â€Å"given up on life† type of attitude. Also used in this poem are diction and caesura. Caesura is a natural pause in the middle of a line, sometimes coinciding with punctuation (Quizlet). The short and curt choice of words really gives off the frustrated aura of the poem. And caesura shines through with the use of the semi-colons after every first verse in the line of that stanza. The second influence of Ezra Pound’s poetry and writings had to do with his stay in St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. When Pound was arrested and put in St. Elizabeth’s Hospital he was deemed mentally insane after being convicted of treason. While Pound was in the hospital, he wrote most of his poetry. For example, the series of 120 sections of Cantos were written mostly in the hospital. Furthermore, after being analyzed, his poems and writing were said to be from a â€Å"sane persons mind.† ( Not being a very talkative man out of the hospital, his lack of social skills really showed through while in the hospital; he was not a very warm and fuzzy man. While still in St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, Pound was awarded the Bollingen Award by the Library of Congress for his Pisan Cantos (1948). About 10 years later in 1958, his fellow writers and fans released him due to the campaign. I really liked this excerpt of the poem â€Å"Before Sleep† because I feel that it really described how Ezra Pound was feeling in his room at the hospital. He must have had a good amount of time to think and analyze everything going on around him. â€Å"Before Sleep† The lateral vibrations caress me, They leap and caress me, They work pathetically in my favour, They seek my financial good. (Lines 1-4) Obviously from the title of the poem, we can infer that the theme of the poem is about the period of time before one falls asleep. However, any knowledgeable reader can infer that without the title. The imagery used in this poem is absolutely marvelous. When I read the excerpt, I really envision the vibrations becoming one and interacting with the body. That is also an excellent use of personification. Vibrations obviously cannot â€Å"caress† and â€Å"leap† across ones body. In my opinion, Ezra Pound is explaining through the character Kung that being cooped up in the hospital is doing him no good, that he is not himself. â€Å"Without ones’ freedom (character) one cannot get far in life (play on that instrument or execute the music)† (Poems by Ezra Pound) â€Å"Canto 13† And Kung said, Without character you will Be unable to play on that instrument Or to execute the music fit for the Odes. The blossoms of the apricot Blow from the east to the west, And I have tried to keep them from falling. (Lines 80-85) This excerpt from â€Å"Canto 13† has two hidden literacy terms incorporated in its writing. The terms symbolism and didactic poetry are noticeable and relate to each other. Symbolism is used to symbolize the word â€Å"character† with ones freedom and the phrase â€Å"unable to play on that instrument† is used to symbolize the ability to use and control that freedom. This is where didactic poetry comes into play, having freedom and being able to control it is teaching. The third influence that had a major part in Ezra Pounds’ poetry is Imagism. It is safe to say that Ezra Pounds’ most noted contribution to poetry was the founding and involvement of Imagism. Imagism: a literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images as a reaction to Victorian sentimentalism. (Imagism: Definition from Answers.com) â€Å"We believe that the individuality of a poet may often be better expressed in free verse than in conventional forms. In poetry, a new cadence means a new idea.† (Imagists Quotes). That quote is derived from Ezra Pound and his fellow poets who had a large effect on the Imagism period. One of the other poets was Amy Lowell. In 1912, Pound founded the Imagist School with T.E. Hulme and F.S. Flint and Helda Doolittle. This poem is one of my favorites because it is so direct and honest. Not only is it honest but also it is so forward and really makes me gain more respect for Ezra Pound. This poem is influenced by Imagism because one of the main topics in Imagism is to advocate the use of free verse and this poem is the epitome of free verse.

Gardens Essay -- Environment, Nature and Culture, Landscape

Throughout the history of mankind, the gardens have been created to feed the spirit. The landscape is a relationship between nature and culture; it expresses who we are and where we from. Furthermore, landscape architecture advances along with society and it adjust to the change of their tastes and way of life. It is at first hand the search for a balance of adapting the environment and the advance society. We can observe the different styles and designs process each culture has, simply by looking at what kind of elements, plants, and regulations it uses. For example in the United States a designer takes into consideration the ADA regulations while in Mexico they don’t, which will result in a different design approach. This means that we might witness a similar design containing a bridge crossing through a pond but one design might incorporate railings and the other one will not. This tells us how one society values the importance of incorporating safety and handicap accessi bility just by using different elements. The following essay intends to discuss how culture can contribute to the design of an exterior space and how it’s reflected in the work of a landscape architect. To accomplish this task I am going to look at two landscape architects from different regions and witness how diverse but also how unified they are to each other by looking at the way they incorporate elements from their culture and other societies. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN BRAZIL The first landscape architect that I choose to accomplish my task is Burle Marx. Troguhout his life he designed hundreds of private and public space which helped him get recognized and obtain comitions throughout Latin- America, United States, and across the continent. Burle ... ...Because of the importance of the location of the site the designer took into consideration the culture aspect of the area. The Olympic forest Park combines the traditional Chinese landscape and the feng-shui philosophy with the contemporary design concepts and techniques. Two crucial traditional elements used were the mountain and water feature, these were incorporated in the planning and design of the Olympic Forest Park. An artificial mountain was created and dragon-shape lake flowing along the axis was designed. The mountain designed is called Yandshan Mountain, to accomplish the design of this mountain the designer analyze other important mountains around Beijing. On the south entrance, large stones are located throughout the plaza. the overall design includes rich landforms, mountain chain, islands, and downhill streams that offer diverse eco-habitats (Jie).

Gov’t Paper

People each have different personalities that others like and dislike about them. These individuals can be funny or serious; nice or a jerk; a talker or a listener. All this makes up a person and who they are. A person's personality is similar to a news program; sometimes they can be biased and unreliable; other times they are spot-on and trustworthy. Hardball and O'Reilly are both news programs that display their news differently. While both commentators give their opinions on the subjects, Chris Matthews pushes his opinion more than O'Reilly. During times where Matthews has guest speakers, he always tends to argue with the one that does not agree with his opinions; he pushes his ideas into his opponents' head, not letting them express their thoughts. Even though he refuses to let one's opinions out, Matthews allows the other, who agrees with him, to talk. In other words, he is hard-headed and believes his opinion is right. On one occasion, Jonathan Alters, gave his opinion about how the Republicans are attempting to woo the Latinos' votes, Matthews shuts him up by talking over him, basically yelling. Alters looks as if he was about to burst into tears. On the other hand, O'Reilly tends to ask for his guest speakers' view first, then adding his own. He actually allows them to finish their views, seeing their points out, instead of cutting them off. O'Reilly and Chris Matthews both have different perspectives in the topics that were discussed. O'Reilly leans towards the liberal side, while Matthews is a conservative. For example, O'Reilly notices how everything is based on race, and believes no one should be judged by that. However, it seems that Matthews only wants the Republicans to focus their targets on the white people and not Latinos. In one specific topic that both commentators discussed, the Zimmerman trial, it seems each were on one or the other sides. Chris Matthews argues that Zimmerman acted on self-defense, while O'Reilly gave both sides, but showed sympathy towards Trayvon Martin's family. O'Reilly has more facts, making it seem like his show was a news' show, while Hardball with Chris Matthews is all about argumentative opinions. O'Reilly adds statistics to show subjects and backs each topic with facts. For example, there was a segment about the Arizona forest fire that killed nineteen firefighters. O'Reilly gave facts like how the firefighter had contacted the headquarters, saying that they are using their heat shelters, which was the last resort. Then O'Reilly explains what these heat shelters are, a foil-like blanket that can protect the firefighters from the heat for a certain amount of time. Unlike O'Reilly, Matthews did not give facts, only his own opinions. During the Zimmerman trial segment, he only showed Mark Osterman taking the stand to defend his best friend. He then argues with the guest defense attorney, when she was explaining the harm that was inflicted on Zimmerman. It seems that O'Reilly is more genuine and actually cares about the public's interest. At the end of his show, he had a tip of the day, giving feedback to the audience who sends him e-mails. Hardball had a serious attitude, while O'Reilly had a calm attitude. During Hardball's segments, there was a lot of tension with the arguments. Also, his introduction had the serious music like it was life or death. In O'Reilly's introduction, it had funny captions, and in his segments, he had a calm manner. While Chris Matthews attempted to add humor and jokes into his show, it was not understood. He used a blue cow reference, but some people do not know the meaning of it, so it proved to be ineffective to draw the audience in. However, in O'Reilly's segments, the humor and jokes had a positive impact. After a serious discussion about the Zimmerman trial, to lighten the tension, Megyn Kelly and O'Reilly joked around. Megyn Kelly had given him a chocolate bar as her way of buying dinner. Then she explains that she is going on maternity leave until the fall, but O'Reilly jokingly said she won't be back until next year. Both persons continue to banter back and forth, while the camera crew laughed in the background. This was of course not planned, making it actually humorous. There has been significant issues about race in political topics. In Fremont, Nebraska, the townspeople are frustrated with the undocumented immigrants obtaining jobs in the town. Since Fremont is a meat packaging town, these townspeople need the jobs that the immigrants are taking. These illegal immigrants are sending money back to their home country to their families, so Fremont does not profit from this. In an attempt to stop this, he townspeople want to banned the undocumented individuals from renting apartments and houses without proper documentations. According to U. S. District Judge Laurie Smith Camp, it is a discrimination to deny housing permits to those who were not in the country legally and it interferes with federal laws. However, the town counters back with a policy that requires businesses to use the federal E-ve rify software to check on the employees. Another topic discussed was how Republicans were trying to win the Latin American voters. The Republicans think that if they talk about the immigration reforms they will gain more voters. However, it was stated that no matter what, Latinos will most likely vote for Democrats even if immigration reforms were discussed by the Republicans. The most important topic discussed was the Zimmerman trial. When this first happened, people across the country defended Trayvon Martin, thinking that he was targeted for being a colored person and looking suspicious by wearing a black hoodie at night. Zimmerman was on the night watch around his neighborhood when these two ran into each other. A fight broke out, leading to Zimmerman pulling and shooting the gun at Martin. Zimmerman pled that he was acting in self-defense. All over the country, people even news station wanted Zimmerman to plead guilty to avoid race riots to occur. Nowadays, news delivery is on the decline of being trustworthy. Reporters, journalists, and those who deliver the news to the public now will spin the news to fit what the audience wants or to fit their own opinion. These people can twist a person's opinion just by intensifying the language and speech. The audience will then notice, â€Å"Hey, they are using powerful words; this makes them sound smart so therefore correct. If the newscasters exude confidence and seem to â€Å"know what they are talking about†, they will have more followers. The public tends not to look for the credibility of the sources or even the sources themselves to see if they are reliable. Instead, the public will definitely look for superficial materials like the appearance of the person delivering the news, how the program looks, or if other p eople like it. If someone were to wear casual clothes, their credibility increases; also if the newscaster was attractive, people tend to listen to them. For example, people tune in to Anderson Cooper on CNN and practically worship the ground he walks, just because of his appearance. If the delivery of the news looks not well done, not all people will want to read or view it. People want professional, not something that someone can program in five minutes. An individual will also tend to get advice from their peers as to what to read or watch. For example, if a person trashed a news station to his or her friend, the friend will not want to get information from that news station. With that being said, nowadays, people judge the book by its cover and not by the information provided. Most news station are affiliated with a political party. For example Fox News, when taking politics will favor the Republican view while MNSBC will favor the Democratic view. With that being said, each will attract a different group of people who agree with that the news station has to say. This makes the shows heavily biased. What I've learned through these research sources, is that there are still racial conflicts throughout the United States. Watching the two news program, Hardball and O'Reilly, each segment had something to do with race and ethnics. Latinos are especially targeted, whether it is to win their votes or to get them out of â€Å"American† jobs. Even though, today there are still some segregation in the communities, people will band together to defend someone of different skin color. What I do not get is that if people will defend Trayvon Martin and not know what actually happened, why can't they support the Latin Americans coming into America in search of an opportunity? I think people are just on the bandwagon. They think that supporting Trayvon Martin will make them look like the good guys, but in reality it just makes them look ignorant and stupid. I also learned that each news program is affiliated with a political party, making them biased and untrustworthy because they only address one side of the story. I know that they are just doing that to gain viewers, but if they just address both sides, there will be more educated people and not opinionated. I think the audience should also be aware of what is happening in our country right now. After watching these two shows, I am more aware of these topics. I never paid attention to the political topics and did not know how the Republicans were trying to woo the Latin American voters. My opinions on the two shows differ from each other. I absolutely could not stand watching Hardball. I think Chris Matthews is a hard-headed jerk. He does not think the other opinions matter but his. He yells at his guests when he is talking to them. I could not wait for it to end, and I nearly celebrated when it was over. On the other hand, I was more interested in O'Reilly just by how he represented the topics. He did it in a formally fashioned way; it felt like a conversation with some debates. I actually paid closer attention because of the humor and learned a few things along in the show. I felt that O'Reilly actually cared about the subjects because he gives both sides to the story. Both Hardball and O'Reilly display their information differently. These news shows are like a person's personality; they express emotions and thoughts. Each individual has a different personality that makes them who they are. A personality can make someone like or dislike an individual.

Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power” Essay

Functions of the Ruling Officer: * Promote interest and welfare of the people * For the benefit of the governed * Protection of the inhabitants * Administration of justice * Advancement of the physical, economical, social and cultural well- being of the people * Preservation of the state from danger (internal & external) Ideal Qualities of Governing Politician: * Shall have the brains and ability * Political maturity * Experience â€Å"In order to govern people he does not know or understand, he ought to possess the talent of a genius and extraordinary knowledge.† * Jose Rizal â€Å"The government who fulfils the satisfaction of human expectation is good. The Government that DOES NOT serve the needs of the people but governs to protect the interest and welfare of a few at the expense of many is not good.† * Zulueta â€Å" Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power† * Max Weber * The government is committed to promote: * general welfare, * morals, * intelligence, * social justice * Ultimate happiness Rizal on the Family * Family- the basic and oldest social institution, a very important factor in shaping the character of a child. Family determines: * Child’s social class * Religious orientation * Language * Upbringing of the children Children are Expected to be: * Loyal * Obedient Parents’ Legacies to children: * Rectitude of judgement * Generosity of rights * Steadfastness in adversity â€Å" The greatest honour that a son can pay his parents is integrity and a good name.† Rizal on Livelihood * Rizal vehemently objected Carl Marx’s Communist ideology. * He regarded livelihood as the government’s focal points to alleviate poverty Communism * ideology referring to the equal distribution of wealth. * The government scoops up all the wealth and distributes them evenly or as needed. Means of having a viable livelihood program: * Equal land ownership * Regulation of capital * Government buys from landlords and place it on workers â€Å"Regulation of Capital† was essential to combat the ill effects of capitalism. Each person’s wealth is based on his own personal production. Rizal on Justice â€Å" Justice is a constant and perpetual will to allot to every man what he is due.† Twin ideals of Justice System * Swiftness- occurrence of a speedy trial * Fairness- justice itself â€Å"Justice delayed is justice denied.† No person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due process of law.